Thesis - Appendices


APPENDIX A

AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES QUESTIONNAIRE

 

Code #______

1. How many years have you been on the existing farm? ________

2. How many acres are you currently farming? ________
    How many acres of farmland do you own? ________                   Lease? _______

3. How many acres, if any, would you like to add to your current farming activities? ____

4. What crops did you plant and how many acres of each in:
                  1998                                      1997                                        1996
            Crop/Acres                              Crop/Acres                              Crop/Acres
            _________                              _________                              _________
            _________                              _________                              _________
            _________                              _________                              _________

5. How many acres (not included above) did you have in pasture in:

   1998 _________      1997 _________         1996 ________

6. How many of the following animals did you have in:
                                                            1998                            1997
            Dairy (milking)                      ________                    ________
            Heifers, Calves                       ________                    ________
            Bulls                                       ________                    ________
            Pigs                                         ________                    ________
            Goats                                      ________                    ________
            Sheep                                      ________                    ________
            Chickens                                 ________                    ________
            Turkeys                                   ________                    ________
            Horses                                     ________                    ________
            Other   ___________              ________                    ________

7. What is your normal crop rotation?


8. What are your means of controlling weeds on the crops you grow?
            Crops               Means 1          Freq.    Amount           Means 2          Freq. Amount
                                                                        (if known)                                     (if known)
            ________        _________      _____  _______          ________        _____  ______
            ________        _________      _____  _______          ________        _____  ______

9. What are your means of controlling insects on the crops you grow?
            Crops               Means 1          Freq.    Amount           Means 2          Freq.  Amount
                                                                        (if known)                                      (if known)
            ________        _________      _____  _______          ________        _____  ______
            ________        _________      _____  _______          ________        _____  ______

10. Where do you buy the seeds for the crops that you grow?
            ________
            ________

11. What substances do you use to fertilize your fields, at what time of year, and how much?

            Fertilizer                      Time of Year                           Amount, if known
            _______                      _________                              ________
            _______                      _________                              ________

12. What farm products do you market, how much, and where? (Year-round, spring, summer, fall)

                                    Product                       Amount, if known       Where
            Dairy:              _________                  _________                  ________
                                    _________                  _________                  ________
            Poultry:           _________                  _________                  ________
            Fruit:               _________                  _________                  ________
            Veg.:               _________                  _________                  ________
                                    _________                  _________                  ________
            Honey:            _________                  _________                  ________
            Map. Syr.:       _________                  _________                  ________

13. How do you refrigerate, or preserve, milk and other farm products?

            Products                                  Methods
            ________                                ________

14. What are your primary sources of information about farming activities (e.g. extension services, magazines, etc.)?

 

Interview conducted by: __________
Date: __________

 

 

APPENDIX B

 NEW ENVIRONMENTAL PARADIGM AND NEW ECOLOGICAL PARADIGM SCALE QUESTIONNAIRES


New Environmental Paradigm Questionnaire

Please answer each question with one of the following responses.             Code # _______
Strongly Disagree (SD) Mildly Disagree (MD) Mildly Agree (MA) Strongly Agree (SA)

1. We are approaching the limit of the number of people the earth can support.         SD...MD...MA...SA

2. The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset.                                           SD...MD...MA...SA

3. Humans have the right to modify the natural environment to suit their needs.        SD...MD...MA...SA

4. Mankind was created to rule over the rest of nature.                                                SD...MD...MA...SA

5. When humans interfere with nature it often produces disastrous consequences.     SD...MD...MA...SA

6. Plants and animals exist primarily to be used by humans.                                       SD...MD...MA...SA

7. To maintain a healthy economy we will have to develop a “steady-state” economy where industrial growth is controlled.                                                                                                     SD...MD...MA...SA

8. Humans must live in harmony with nature in order to survive.                               SD...MD...MA...SA

9. The earth is like a spaceship with only limited room and resources.                       SD...MD...MA...SA

10. Humans need not adapt to the natural environment because they can remake it to suit their needs.                                                                                             SD...MD...MA...SA

11. There are limits to growth beyond which our industrialized society cannot expand.                                                                                                                                                                  SD...MD...MA...SA

12. Mankind is severely abusing the environment.                                                      SD...MD...MA...SA



New Ecological Paradigm Questionnaire

Do you agree or disagree that:

1. We are approaching the limit of the number of people the earth can support.

2. Humans have the right to modify the natural environment to suit their needs.

3. When humans interfere with nature it often produces disastrous consequences.

4. Human ingenuity will insure that we do NOT make the earth unlivable.

5. Humans are severely abusing the environment.

* 6. The earth has plenty of natural resources if we just learn how to develop them.

7. Plants and animals have as much right as humans to exist.

* 8. The balance of nature is strong enough to cope with the impacts of modern industrial nations.

9. Despite our special abilities humans are still subject to the laws of nature.

* 10. The so-called “ecological crisis” facing humankind has been greatly exaggerated.

11. The earth is like a spaceship with very limited room and resources.

12. Humans were meant to rule over the rest of nature.

13. The balance of nature is very delicate and easily upset.

* 14. Humans will eventually learn enough about how nature works to be able to control it.

* 15. If things continue on their present course, we will soon experience a major ecological catastrophe.

_______________________

* Items that were included at the end of the NEP questionnaire for the present study.

 

 

APPENDIX C 

NEW ENVIRONMENTAL PARADIGM FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION TABLES

 

TABLE 9. Frequency Distributions and Means of New Environmental 
Paradigm Scale Items by Group 

Item #

Group

SA*

MA

MD

    SD

Mean

 

 

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

 

 

1

Nebraska

0

0%

3

50%

3

50%

0

0%

2.50

 

 

Renno

0

0%

6

46%

6

46%

1

8%

2.42

 

 

Mennonite

0

0%

6

29%

9

43%

6

29%

2.00

 

 

English

3

16%

9

47%

3

16%

4

21%

2.58

 

2

Nebraska

1

10%

8

80%

1

10%

0

0%

3.00

 

 

Renno

3

19%

11

69%

2

13%

0

0%

3.06

 

 

Mennonite

6

30%

7

35%

6

30%

1

5%

2.90

 

 

English

6

30%

7

35%

6

30%

1

5%

2.90

 

3

Nebraska

4

40%

5

50%

0

0%

1

10%

1.80

 

 

Renno

3

18%

13

76%

1

6%

0

0%

1.91

 

 

Mennonite

1

5%

8

38%

6

29%

6

29%

2.79

 

 

English

0

0%

9

45%

6

30%

5

25%

2.80

 

4

Nebraska

6

55%

5

45%

0

0%

0

0%

1.45

 

 

Renno

6

32%

13

68%

0

0%

0

0%

1.68

 

 

Mennonite

12

57%

7

33%

1

5%

1

5%

1.57

 

 

English

4

20%

6

30%

6

30%

4

20%

2.50

 

5

Nebraska

4

36%

7

64%

0

0%

0

0%

3.36

 

 

Renno

2

11%

14

78%

2

11%

0

0%

3.00

 

 

Mennonite

6

30%

8

40%

6

30%

0

0%

2.98

 

 

English

5

26%

9

47%

4

21%

1

5%

2.95

 

6

Nebraska

5

42%

7

67%

0

0%

0

0%

1.58

 

 

Renno

4

21%

12

63%

2

11%

1

5%

2.03

 

 

Mennonite

7

33%

8

38%

5

24%

1

5%

2.00

 

 

English

5

26%

5

26%

4

21%

5

26%

2.47

 

7

Nebraska

4

33%

7

58%

0

0%

1

8%

3.17

 

 

Renno

5

28%

13

72%

0

0%

0

0%

3.28

 

 

Mennonite

1

5%

12

57%

7

33%

1

5%

2.62

 

 

English

4

21%

6

32%

8

42%

1

5%

2.68

 

 

8

Nebraska

5

42%

7

58%

0

0%

0

0%

3.42

 

 

Renno

5

26%

14

74%

0

0%

0

0%

3.26

 

 

Mennonite

9

43%

10

48%

2

10%

0

0%

3.33

 

 

English

16

80%

4

20%

0

0%

0

0%

3.80

 

9

Nebraska

1

13%

6

75%

1

13%

0

0%

3.00

 

 

Renno

1

6%

13

76%

1

6%

2

12%

2.79

 

 

Mennonite

8

38%

5

24%

7

33%

1

5%

2.90

 

 

English

7

35%

9

45%

2

10%

2

10%

3.05

 

10

Nebraska

0

0%

5

45%

4

36%

2

18%

2.73

 

 

Renno

0

0%

5

28%

13

72%

0

0%

2.72

 

 

Mennonite

0

0%

2

10%

8

38%

11

52%

3.40

 

 

English

1

5%

3

15%

8

40%

8

40%

3.15

 

11

Nebraska

0

0%

8

80%

2

20%

0

0%

2.80

 

 

Renno

2

12%

14

82%

1

6%

0

0%

3.06

 

 

Mennonite

2

10%

13

62%

6

29%

0

0%

2.81

 

 

English

2

10%

12

60%

4

20%

2

10%

2.70

 

12

Nebraska

3

27%

6

55%

0

0%

2

18%

2.91

 

 

Renno

1

6%

10

59%

6

35%

0

0%

2.71

 

 

Mennonite

6

29%

8

38%

7

33%

0

0%

2.95

 

 

English

4

21%

10

53%

5

26%

0

0%

2.95

 

*  SA = Strongly Agree;   MA = Mildly Agree;   MD = Mildly Disagree;   SD = Strongly Disagree

 


TABLE 10. Frequency Distributions and Means of New Environmental Paradigm Scale
Items for English Sample (n=20) and Washington State Sample (n=806)
(Table 1 in Dunlap and Van Liere, 1978, p. 13)

Item #

Group

SA

MA

MD

SD

Mean

 

1

English

 

16%

 

47%

 

16%

 

21%

2.58

 

 

Washington

 

34.6%

 

38.4%

 

19.5%

 

7.5%

3.00

 

2

English

 

30%

 

35%

 

30%

 

5%

2.90

 

 

Washington

 

40.7%

 

39.4%

 

16.7%

 

3.2%

3.18

 

3

English

 

0%

 

45%

 

30%

 

25%

2.80

 

 

Washington

 

6.9%

 

31.2%

 

41.0%

 

20.9%

2.76

 

4

English

 

20%

 

30%

 

30%

 

20%

2.50

 

 

Washington

 

18.5%

 

28.0%

 

25.7%

 

27.9%

2.63

 

5

English

 

26%

 

47%

 

21%

 

5%

2.95

 

 

Washington

 

29.8%

 

46.4%

 

20.6%

 

3.2%

3.03

 

6

English

 

26%

 

26%

 

21%

 

26%

2.47

 

 

Washington

 

11.0%

 

27.6%

 

31.2%

 

30.2%

2.81

 

7

English

 

21%

 

32%

 

42%

 

5%

2.68

 

 

Washington

 

20.6%

 

49.3%

 

24.2%

 

5.9%

2.85

 

8

English

 

80%

 

20%

 

0%

 

0%

3.80

 

 

Washington

 

56.6%

 

39.0%

 

4.2%

 

0.3%

3.52

 

9

English

 

35%

 

45%

 

10%

 

10%

3.05

 

 

Washington

 

42.2%

 

40.9%

 

12.2%

 

4.7%

3.21

 

10

English

 

5%

 

15%

 

40%

 

40%

3.15

 

 

Washington

 

3.0%

 

12.4%

 

41.4%

 

43.3%

3.25

 

11

English

 

10%

 

60%

 

20%

 

10%

2.70

 

 

Washington

 

24.1%

 

51.2%

 

19.8%

 

4.9%

2.94

 

12

English

 

21%

 

53%

 

26%

 

0%

2.95

 

 

Washington

 

35.5%

 

43.5%

 

17.9%

 

3.1%

3.11

 

 

 

TABLE 11. Frequency Distributions and Means of New Environmental Paradigm
and New Ecological Paradigm Scale Items by Group,
Scored on a 5-Point Likert Scale

Item #

Group

SA

MA

U*

      MD

      SD

Mean

 

 

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

n

%

 

1

Nebraska

0

0%

3

25%

6

50%

3

25%

0

0%

3

 

Renno

0

0%

6

32%

6

32%

6

32%

1

5%

2.92

 

Mennonite

0

0%

6

29%

0

0%

9

43%

6

29%

2.29

 

English

3

15%

9

45%

1

5%

3

15%

4

20%

3.20

2

Nebraska

1

8%

8

67%

2

17%

1

8%

0

0%

3.75

 

Renno

3

16%

11

58%

3

16%

2

11%

0

0%

3.79

 

Mennonite

6

29%

7

33%

1

5%

6

29%

1

5%

3.52

 

English

6

30%

7

35%

0

0%

6

30%

1

5%

3.55

3

Nebraska

4

33%

5

42%

2

17%

0

0%

1

8%

2.08

 

Renno

3

16%

13

68%

2

11%

1

5%

0

0%

2.08

 

Mennonite

1

5%

8

38%

0

0%

6

29%

6

29%

3.36

 

English

0

0%

9

45%

0

0%

6

30%

5

25%

3.35

4

Nebraska

6

50%

5

42%

1

8%

0

0%

0

0%

1.58

 

Renno

6

32%

13

68%

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

1.68

 

Mennonite

12

57%

7

33%

0

0%

1

5%

1

5%

1.67

 

English

4

20%

6

30%

0

0%

6

30%

4

20%

3.00

5

Nebraska

4

33%

7

58%

1

8%

0

0%

0

0%

4.25

 

Renno

2

11%

14

74%

1

5%

2

11%

0

0%

3.84

 

Mennonite

6

29%

8

38%

1

5%

6

29%

0

0%

3.64

 

English

5

25%

9

45%

1

5%

4

20%

1

5%

3.65

6

Nebraska

5

42%

7

58%

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

1.58

 

Renno

4

21%

12

63%

0

0%

2

11%

1

5%

2.18

 

Mennonite

7

33%

8

38%

0

0%

5

24%

1

5%

2.29

 

English

5

25%

5

25%

1

5%

4

20%

5

25%

2.95

7

Nebraska

4

33%

7

58%

0

0%

0

0%

1

8%

4.08

 

Renno

5

26%

13

68%

1

5%

0

0%

0

0%

4.21

 

Mennonite

1

5%

12

57%

0

0%

7

33%

1

5%

3.24

 

English

4

20%

6

30%

1

5%

8

40%

1

5%

3.20

8

Nebraska

5

42%

7

58%

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

4.42

 

Renno

5

26%

14

74%

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

4.26

 

Mennonite

9

43%

10

48%

0

0%

2

10%

0

0%

4.24

 

English

16

80%

4

20%

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

4.80

9

Nebraska

1

8%

6

50%

4

33%

1

8%

0

0%

3.58

 

Renno

1

5%

13

68%

2

11%

1

5%

2

11%

3.55

 

Mennonite

8

38%

5

24%

0

0%

7

33%

1

5%

3.52

 

English

7

35%

9

45%

0

0%

2

10%

2

10%

3.85


 

10

Nebraska

0

0%

5

42%

1

8%

4

33%

2

17%

3.25

 

Renno

0

0%

5

26%

1

5%

13

68%

0

0%

3.42

 

Mennonite

0

0%

2

10%

0

0%

8

38%

11

52%

4.31

 

English

1

5%

3

15%

0

0%

8

40%

8

40%

3.95

11

Nebraska

0

0%

8

67%

2

17%

2

17%

0

0%

3.5

 

Renno

2

11%

14

74%

2

11%

1

5%

0

0%

3.89

 

Mennonite

2

10%

13

62%

0

0%

6

29%

0

0%

3.52

 

English

2

10%

12

60%

0

0%

4

20%

2

10%

3.40

12

Nebraska

3

25%

6

50%

1

8%

0

0%

2

17%

3.67

 

Renno

1

5%

10

53%

2

11%

6

32%

0

0%

3.32

 

Mennonite

6

29%

8

38%

0

0%

7

33%

0

0%

3.62

 

English

4

20%

10

50%

1

5%

5

25%

0

0%

3.65

13

Nebraska

4

33%

8

67%

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

1.67

 

Renno

6

35%

11

65%

0

0%

0

0%

0

0%

1.68

 

Mennonite

8

38%

9

43%

1

5%

3

14%

0

0%

1.95

 

English

11

55%

8

40%

0

0%

0

0%

1

5%

1.60

14

Nebraska

1

8%

9

75%

1

8%

0

0%

1

8%

2.25

 

Renno

1

6%

9

53%

3

18%

3

18%

1

6%

2.62

 

Mennonite

0

0%

9

43%

1

5%

3

14%

8

38%

3.45

 

English

2

10%

7

35%

0

0%

6

30%

5

25%

3.25

15

Nebraska

2

17%

5

42%

3

25%

2

17%

0

0%

2.42

 

Renno

4

22%

6

33%

6

33%

2

11%

0

0%

2.36

 

Mennonite

4

19%

9

43%

0

0%

5

24%

3

14%

2.74

 

English

5

25%

8

40%

1

5%

6

30%

0

0%

2.40

16

Nebraska

0

0%

5

42%

2

17%

1

8%

4

33%

3.33

 

Renno

0

0%

4

24%

0

0%

6

35%

7

41%

3.91

 

Mennonite

0

0%

1

5%

0

0%

10

48%

10

48%

4.36

 

English

1

5%

3

15%

1

5%

6

30%

9

45%

3.95

17

Nebraska

1

8%

6

50%

3

25%

1

8%

1

8%

3.42

 

Renno

1

6%

9

50%

4

22%

3

17%

1

6%

3.36

 

Mennonite

0

0%

9

43%

0

0%

9

43%

3

14%

2.71

 

English

3

15%

6

30%

0

0%

6

30%

5

25%

2.80

 * U = Undecided

 


TABLE 12. Frequency Distributions of New Environmental Paradigm Scale Items for
English Sample (n=20) and Pennsylvania Statewide Sample (n=3,541)
(Table 1 in Scott and Willits, 1994, p. 246)

Item #

Group

% Response

 

 

Agree

Undecided

Disagree

1

English

60

5

35

 

 

Pennsylvania

45.4

24.6

30.0

 

2

English

65

0

35

 

 

Pennsylvania

77.1

11.0

11.9

 

3

English

45

0

55

 

 

Pennsylvania

15.8

13.7

70.5

 

4

English

50

0

50

 

 

Pennsylvania

27.3

12.1

60.6

 

5

English

70

5

25

 

 

Pennsylvania

82.6

8.9

8.5

 

6

English

50

5

45

 

 

Pennsylvania

31.7

11.0

57.4

 

7

English

50

5

45

 

 

Pennsylvania

57.8

23.6

18.6

 

8

English

100

0

0

 

 

Pennsylvania

93.9

3.6

2.5

 

9

English

80

0

20

 

 

Pennsylvania

72.0

12.2

15.9

 

10

English

20

0

80

 

 

Pennsylvania

9.3

10.2

80.5

 

11

English

70

0

30

 

 

Pennsylvania

56.6

24.4

19.0

 

12

English

70

5

25

 

 

Pennsylvania

89.3

5.2

5.5

 


 

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